PhD in Political Science and Sociology at the Complutense University of Madrid (1983). Betwen 2004 and 2015 has been Director of the CSIC Institute of Public Goods and Policies (IPP). He has been member of the CSIC Scientific Advisory Board (2004-2008). In October 2007 he was elected Chair of the OECD Committee of Scientific and Technological Policy (CSTP) representing Spain (Ministry of Science and Innovation).
Previously, between 1982 and 1993, he had been lecturer and assistant professor at the Complutense School of Political Science and Sociology, and visiting scholar and research associated in different foreign universities and research centres, among them the University of California at Berkeley (1992-94). He also has experience in Public Administration: he has been Deputy Director General for Planning and Monitoring in the State Secretariat for Scientific and Technology Policy at the Ministry of Science and Technology (2000-2002) and, earlier, in executive positions in different Departments of the Regional Government of Madrid (1981-1989), where he was Head of the Studies and Analysis Unit of the Economy Department.
He has published more than a hundred papers on research systems and science, technology and innovation policies, both in book chapters and in journals [international such as EASST Review, International Journal of Technology Management, Internacional Studies on Management and Organization, Regional Studies, Research Evaluation, Research Policy, Science and Public Policy, Scientometrics, Technological Forescasting and Social Change, etc. or in Spanish, such as Agricultura y Sociedad, Arbor, Ciudad y Territorio, Economia Industrial, Ekonomiaz, Inguruak, Papeles de Economía Española, Papers. Revista de Sociología, Presupuesto y Gasto Público, REDES Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia, Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas (REIS), Revista Española de Ciencia Política, Revista Internacional de Sociología (RIS),Sociología del Trabajo, etc.]. He also has published one of the reference books on the analysis of the Spanish Science and Technology policies [Estado, ciencia y tecnología en España (1939-1997), Alianza Universidad, Madrid, 1997] and other books, national and international, such as: Análisis sobre ciencia e innovación en España (Luis Sanz Menéndez y Laura Cruz Castro, eds. (2010), Madrid:FECYT, 849 pags; Conocer para transformar: Produccion y Reflexión sobre cienca, tecnología e innovación en Iberoamerica (Hebe Vessuri, Pablo Kreimer, Antonio Arellano y Luis Sanz Menéndez, eds (2010). Caracas: UNESCO-IESALC). Evaluación de la Acción IDE (Incorporación de doctores a las empresas). (Luis Sanz Menéndez, Laura Cruz Castro y Jaime Aja Valle, 2004). Madrid: Fundación COTEC, 2004. 175 pp. or Management and New Technologies, (Clara E. Garcia & Luis Sanz Menéndez, eds. (1998). Brussels: CEC-COST, 560 pp.
In 2006 he was awarded with the Prize of the Spanish Political Science Association (AECPA) to the best scientific paper in 2005.
He is member of the Advisory or Editorial Board of diverse journals such us Science and Public Policy (United Kingdom), Redes: Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Sociales de la Ciencia (Argentina) and Zona Abierta (Spain).
He also lectured on graduate programmes at the Universities Autónoma de Madrid [Master on Science, Technology and Society (CTS) organized by the European Interuniversity Association on Society, Science and Technology (ESST)] and Carlos III de Madrid [Master on Analysis and Management of Science and Technology].
Between 1997 and 2000, he was elected member of the Board of the European Assotiation for the Study of Science and Technlogy (EASST) and from 2004, he is a member of the Executive Committee of the Network of Excellence PRIME (Policies for Research and Innovation in the Move Towards ERA) and he was the Chair in 2004-2005.
Adittionally, he has been involved in several international S&T policy advisory activities, both representing Spain and at request of the international bodies, such us the European Commission (Directorate General for Research), OCDE, UNESCO, Interamerican Development Bank (IDB), UNIDO, COST, etc. Among them could be mentioned the participation in the EU High Level Group (HLG) on "Benchmarking of National RTD policies, Excellence and Networking of National RTD Programmes" (1999-2000); the EU High Level Group on "the Future of Foresight" (2001); the EU Expert Group on the "The future of key actors in the European Research Area" (2005-2006) and the EU Expert Group on "Rationales for the European Research Area" (2007-2008).
He has been involved in diverse evaluation exercises of science, technology and innovation policies, both at the international [such as the evaluation of COST framework for S&T cooperation (1996), the UNESCO Basic Science Networks in Latin America (2000), the Evaluation Panel of COST (2001), or the Chairmanship of the International Independent Panel for the Evaluation of the Mexican Research, Development and Innovation Policy (2001-2006)] and national levels, among them, his involvement in the National Committee for Monitoring and Evaluating of the National R&D Plan (COSEP) since 2005.
He has developed analysis and advisory work for the responsible entities of science and technology in different countries, such as United States (NSF), Sweden (Ministery of Industry), etc.. In the region of Latin America he has worked as advisor of the Foro Consultivo para la Ciencia y la Tecnología de México, the Asociación Mexicana de Directivos de la Investigación Aplicada y el Desarrollo Tecnológico (ADIAT), the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) in México, the Regional Office for Science and Technology (UNESCO-ORCYT), the SENACYT and the CONCYT in Guatemala, etc .
In Spain, he also has provided expert advise, to different national and regional authorities on charge of the science and technology policies, such as the Interministerial Commission for Science and Technology (CICYT), chaired by the Prime Minister, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Regional Government of Madrid, the General Secretariat for Science and Technology Policy of the Ministry of Education and Science, etc. He had been member of the Scientific Board of the Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology (FECYT) and Coordinator of its Social Sciences Commission (2004-2006), and he also advise other entities such as the Fundación COTEC para la Innovación Tecnológica in the development of the Annual Report on Technological Innovation. More recently he has been member of the GRENCYT, that elaborated the National Strategy for Science and Technology (2008-2015), approved by the Conference of Government Presidents (National and Regionals), and the 6th. National R&D and Innovation Plan (2008-2011).
His research interests focus in science, technology and innovation policies, especially from a comparative perspective. He has worked on the institutional and organizational aspects of the research systems, R&D centres and universities, and on human resources for S&T, research careers and the construction of indicators for R&D. He also has worked on the role of the evaluation and foresight, and Parliamentary technology assessment.
Recent Selected Publications:
Sanz-Menéndez, L. & Cruz-Castro. L. (2019). «The Credibility of Scientific Communication Sources Regarding Climate Change: A Population-Based Survey Experiment». Public Understanding of Science 28 (5): 534-553. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519840946
Sanz-Menéndez, L. & Cruz-Castro, L. (2019). «University academics’ preferences for hiring and promotion systems». European Journal of Higher Education 9 (2): 153-171. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568235.2018.1515029.
Cruz-Castro, L.; Holl, A.; Rama, R. & Sanz-Menéndez, L. (2018): Economic crisis and company R&D in Spain: do regional and policy factors matter?, Industry and Innovation, 25 (8): 729-751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2017.1355231 *
Cruz-Castro, L., Benitez-Amado, A. and Sanz-Menéndez. L. (2016) ‘The proof of the pudding: university responses to the European Research Council’, Research Evaluation, 25 (4): 358-370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/reseval/rvw015
Cruz-Castro, L. and Sanz-Menéndez, L (2016) "The effects of the economic crisis on public research: Spanish budgetary policies and research organizations", Technological Forecasting and Social Change 113 (part B) 157-167. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162515002413
Martínez, C., Cruz-Castro, L and Sanz-Menéndez, L. (2016) "Innovation capabilities in the private sector: evaluating subsidies for hiring S&T workers in Spain", Research Evaluation 25 (2) 196-208. http://rev.oxfordjournals.org/content/25/2/196.abstract
Sanz-Menéndez, L. and Van Ryzin, G.G. (2015) “Economic crisis and public attitudes toward science: A study of regional differences in Spain”. Public Understanding of Science vol 24 (2): 167-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662513489790
Cruz-Castro, L. and Sanz-Menéndez, L. (2015). ‘Policy Change and Differentiated Integration: Implementing Spanish Higher Education Reforms’, Journal of Contemporary European Research. 11 (1): 103-123. http://www.jcer.net/index.php/jcer/article/view/628/519
Sanz-Menéndez, L., G.G. Van Ryzin and E. del Pino (2014) “Citizens’ support for government spending on science and technology”. Science and Public Policy vol 41, 2014 (5): 611-624. http://dx.do.org/10.1093/scipol/sct091
Sanz-Menéndez L, Cruz-Castro L, and Alva K (2013) "Time to Tenure in Spanish Universities: An Event History Analysis". PLoS ONE 8(10): e77028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0077028
Cruz-Castro, L.; Sanz-Menendez, L.; Martinez, C. (2012) “Research centers in transition: patterns of convergence and diversity”. Journal of Technology Transfer 37 (1):18-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10961-010-9168-5
Osuna, C.; Cruz-Castro, L. and Sanz-Menendez, L. (2011) “Overturning some assumptions about the effects of evaluation systems on publication performance”. Scientometrics 86 (3): 575-592. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-010-0312-7
Cruz-Castro, L. and Sanz-Menendez, L. (2010) “Mobility versus job stability: Assessing tenure and productivity outcomes”. Research Policy 39 (1): 27-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2009.11.008
Sanz Menéndez, L. & Cruz Castro, L. (eds.) (2010). Análisis sobre Ciencia e Innovación en España. Madrid: FECYT. http://icono.fecyt.es/informesypublicaciones/Documents/Analisis_Ciencia_...
"Research Evaluation in Transition: Individual versus Organisational Assessment in Spain" (L. Cruz-Castro & L Sanz-Menendez), The Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook, [The Changing Governance of the Sciences. The Advent of the Research Evaluation Systems, (Richard Whitley y Jochen Gläser, eds.)], vol 26, 2008, p. 205-223. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6746-4_10
"New Legitimation Models and the Transformation of the Public Research Organizational Field" (L. Cruz-Castro & L Sanz-Menendez), International Studies of Management and Organization, vol. 37, n.1, 2007, p. 27-52. DOI: 10.2753/IMO0020-8825370102
"Explaining the science and technology policies of regional governments" (L. Sanz-Menendez & L. Cruz-Castro), Regional Studies, vol 39, n. 7, october 2005, pp. 939-954.DOI: 10.1080/00343400500289945
"Competition for funding as an indicator of research competitiveness: The Spanish R&D government funding" (C. E. García & L. Sanz-Menendez), Scientometrics, vol 64, n. 3, August 2005, pp.271-300. DOI: 10.1007/s11192-005-0251-x
"Politics and institutions: European Parliamentary Technology Assessment" (L. Cruz-Castro & L. Sanz-Menendez), Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol 72, n. 4, May 2005, pp. 429-448. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2004.01.007
“The employment of PhDs in firms: trajectories, mobility and innovation” (L Cruz Castro & L.Sanz Menéndez) Research Evaluation, vol. 14, n.1, april 2005. 57-69. DOI: 10.3152/147154405781776292
"Bringing S&T Human Resources back in: The Spanish Ramón y Cajal Programme" (L. Cruz-Castro & L.Sanz Menéndez), Science and Public Policy vol 32, n.1. February 2005, pp. 39-53. DOI: 10.3152/147154305781779687
"The Evolution of Knowledge Management Strategies in PROs: The Role of S&T Policy in Spain" (L.Sanz-Menendez & C. E. García) en OECD (2003) Turning Business into Science: Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organisations. Paris: OECD, 2003, pp. 203-222
"Coping with environmental pressures: public research organizations responses to funding crisis" (L. Sanz-Menendez & L. Cruz-Castro) Research Policy, vol 32, n. 8, September 2003; pp. 1293-1308. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00120-8
"Understanding technology foresight: the relevance of its S&T policy context" (L. Sanz-Menendez, C. Cabello & C. E. Garcia) International Journal of Technology Management, vol 21, nº 7/8, 2001, pp. 661-679. DOI: 10.1504/IJTM.2001.002942
"Interdisciplinarity as a multidimensional concept: its measure in three different research areas", (L.Sanz Menendez, M. Bordons & M. A. Zulueta) en Research Evaluation, vol. 10, n. 1, april, 2001, pp. 39-50. DOI: 10.3152/147154401781777123
"Explaining changes and continuity in EU technology policy: the politics of ideas" (L Sanz-Menendez & S. Borrás), Simon Dresner & Nigel Gilbert eds. (2001) Changing European Research System, Aldershot: Ashgate Press, pp. 28-51
"Expectations and learning as principles of shaping the future" (L.Sanz-Menendez & C. Cabello), Nick Brown, Brian Rappert & Andrew Webster eds.(2000) Contested Futures: A Sociology of Prospective Science and Technology, Aldershot: Ashgate Press, pp. 229-249.
"Overturning some assumptions about the effects of evaluation systems of publications" (C.Osuna, L. Cruz-Castro & L. Sanz-Menéndez ). Scientometrics DOI: 10.1007/s11192-010-0312-7
"Research centers in transition: patterns of convergence and diversity" (L. Cruz-Castro, L.Sanz-Menendez & C. Martínez), The Journal of Technology Transfer DOI: 10.1007/s10961-010-9168-5
"Mobility vs. job stability: Assessing tenure and productivity outcomes" (L. Cruz-Castro & L Sanz-Menendez), Research Policy, 39 (1), 2010, pp.27-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2009.11.008
"Research Evaluation in Transition: Individual versus Organisational Assessment in Spain" (L. Cruz-Castro & L Sanz-Menendez), The Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook, [The Changing Governance of the Sciences. The Advent of the Research Evaluation Systems, (Richard Whitley y Jochen Gläser, eds.)], vol 26, 2008, p. 205-223. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-6746-4_10
"New Legitimation Models and the Transformation of the Public Research Organizational Field" (L. Cruz-Castro & L Sanz-Menendez), International Studies of Management and Organization, vol. 37, n.1, 2007, p. 27-52. DOI: 10.2753/IMO0020-8825370102
"Explaining the science and technology policies of regional governments" (L. Sanz-Menendez & L. Cruz-Castro), Regional Studies, vol 39, n. 7, october 2005, pp. 939-954.DOI: 10.1080/00343400500289945
"Competition for funding as an indicator of research competitiveness: The Spanish R&D government funding" (C. E. García & L. Sanz-Menendez), Scientometrics, vol 64, n. 3, August 2005, pp.271-300. DOI: 10.1007/s11192-005-0251-x
"Politics and institutions: European Parliamentary Technology Assessment" (L. Cruz-Castro & L. Sanz-Menendez), Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol 72, n. 4, May 2005, pp. 429-448. DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2004.01.007
“The employment of PhDs in firms: trajectories, mobility and innovation” (L Cruz Castro & L.Sanz Menéndez) Research Evaluation, vol. 14, n.1, april 2005. 57-69. DOI: 10.3152/147154405781776292
"Bringing S&T Human Resources back in: The Spanish Ramón y Cajal Programme" (L. Cruz-Castro & L.Sanz Menéndez), Science and Public Policy vol 32, n.1. February 2005, pp. 39-53. DOI: 10.3152/147154305781779687
"The Evolution of Knowledge Management Strategies in PROs: The Role of S&T Policy in Spain" (L.Sanz-Menendez & C. E. García) en OECD (2003) Turning Business into Science: Patenting and Licensing at Public Research Organisations. Paris: OECD, 2003, pp. 203-222
"Coping with environmental pressures: public research organizations responses to funding crisis" (L. Sanz-Menendez & L. Cruz-Castro) Research Policy, vol 32, n. 8, September 2003; pp. 1293-1308. DOI: 10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00120-8
"Understanding technology foresight: the relevance of its S&T policy context" (L. Sanz-Menendez, C. Cabello & C. E. Garcia) International Journal of Technology Management, vol 21, nº 7/8, 2001, pp. 661-679. DOI: 10.1504/IJTM.2001.002942
"Interdisciplinarity as a multidimensional concept: its measure in three different research areas", (L.Sanz Menendez, M. Bordons & M. A. Zulueta) en Research Evaluation, vol. 10, n. 1, april, 2001, pp. 39-50. DOI: 10.3152/147154401781777123
"Explaining changes and continuity in EU technology policy: the politics of ideas" (L Sanz-Menendez & S. Borrás), Simon Dresner & Nigel Gilbert eds. (2001) Changing European Research System, Aldershot: Ashgate Press, pp. 28-51
"Expectations and learning as principles of shaping the future" (L.Sanz-Menendez & C. Cabello), Nick Brown, Brian Rappert & Andrew Webster eds.(2000) Contested Futures: A Sociology of Prospective Science and Technology, Aldershot: Ashgate Press, pp. 229-249.
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